Measles Crossing International Borders Enter the United...

Measles Crossing International Borders Enter the United States Jane Doe Western Governors University Measles Crossing International Borders Enter the United States Measles is a very contagious disease that is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family (World Health Organization, 2016). Measles, a virus only found in humans, can be passed through the air or by direct contact. It can be spread by sneezing, coughing, close personal contact or direct contact with infected nasal or throat secretions. The virus enters the body via mucous membranes and then it is carried throughout the body. Usually when someone has been exposed to measles, the first sign will be a high fever beginning about a week and a half after the exposure and†¦show more content†¦Once a person recovers from measles, they are immune for the rest of their life. On August 26 2011, a call came into a California Health Department officer concerning a refugee from Malaysia that had been hospitalized on August 25, 2011 and thought to possibly have measles. The teenage refugee had just left Malaysia on August 24, 2011 and traveled by air to the United States. Some of these same refugees, also traveling by air, were sent to Chile in August 2011 where the outbreak appeared approximately the same time as the outbreak in the United States. The health officer in the United States called the quarantine public health officer with this information. The quarantine health officer began a flight contact investigation since there were several people the refugee could have come in contact with the day of air travel and knowing that measles is highly contagious they were trying to stop an epidemic from occurring. The passengers’ information was received as well as the seating plan from that day. Approximately thirty-five passengers sat around the refugee and were considered in contact range. There were also thirty refugees traveling from Malaysia to some area within the United States. These refugees were considered for exposure as well. Since the outbreak was not caught for a couple of days, everyone was already at their destination by that time. A total of twelve different states could possibly have been infected byShow MoreRelatedAlien Invasion : The Reality Of Illegal Immigration2383 Words   |  10 PagesAlien Invasion: The Reality of Illegal Immigration As the United States has become a home to an immense amount of illegal immigrants, Americans question themselves ‘who really pays the price?’ There has been extensive discussion in Washington politics regarding the broad topic of an immigration reform. In fact, it is being discussed among the current presidential candidates. The most sensitive subtopic of immigration reform is how to address illegal immigration. 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This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicalRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesintentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck, Chris Olsen, Jay Devore Acquisitions Editor:Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesonaryDictionary of Ònà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬chà   Igbo 2nd edition of the Igbo dictionary, Kay Williamson, Ethiope Press, 1972. Kay Williamson († ) This version prepared and edited by Roger Blench Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm To whom all correspondence should be addressed. This printout: November 16, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations:

Designing A Stronger Behavior Management System - 1633 Words

Self-Assessment Creating and implementing this unit on division for this diverse fifth grade class was able to help me grow as an educator. While there were many strengths from this unit, there was also some areas of growth that could have been made in order to make the unit even more successful. One major strength from this unit was the differentiation of instruction and assessments. An area of growth for this unit would be to create a stronger behavior management system in order to make the time dedicated to math each day more valuable. This inclusion classroom has a wide range of learners with varying ability levels. In math, there are four tiered groups with some students who are above grade level, some on grade level, and some who are two or three grade levels behind. This unit has rather abstract concepts that the students needed to build an understanding of, and in order to do that I needed to make sure to differentiate the delivery of instruction as well as the assessment types. This was a strength for this unit, because each lesson was differentiated for the tiered groups in the form of pacing, guides, graphic organizers, assessments, manipulatives, rubrics, and difficulty of problems. One specific way that I differentiated during this unit was by providing students with guided notes, graphic organizers, and manipulative to increase their understanding of abstract division strategies for solving multi-digit division problems. Long division was a particularlyShow MoreRelated Combating Resistance to Organizatio nal Change Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent forms. Organizational change includes such concepts as first-order; incremental, continuous change and second-order, transformational/revolutionary, discontinuous change: †¢ First-order, incremental change, which may include modifications in systems, processes, or structures; however, it does not involve basic change in strategy, core values, or corporate identity. 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Project Management Tools/Methods free essay sample

Over the years, Information Technology (I. T) projects has been known to fail, that is, they are either completed with over budget or not completed within time and budget. Information Technology projects are often complex and detailed in nature and require cognitive knowledge and skills for its accomplishment. I. T projects are often difficult to estimate and manage as some projects are either cancelled or reduced in scope because of over budgeting and time overruns or failure to produce anticipated benefits (Kumar, 2001). Failure of I. T projects is often characterised by the inability to meet the customer’s requirement or change in requirements during the project. To achieve a successful project, monitoring and control process performance is important, that is, control of Information Technology projects involves the use of appropriate management frameworks/methodologies and planning tools. In this report, we are going to look at the various ways of we can monitor and manage I. T projects, evaluating some management frameworks/methodologies and planning tools used with critical analysis on their functions, benefits as well as their weaknesses. Project monitoring and control are steps taking to keep track of a project process to ensure its success. Project monitoring is the gathering of information to determine the current state and progress of a Project in relation to its expected state and success (McBride, 2008; Aljibouri, 2003). Despite efforts put into project planning, things do change or occur that cause our project to derail. At this point, an effective monitoring and control process is useful and required to get the project back on course. It is in the control and monitoring process that we keep track of the project process, identify deviations, and determine and implement corrective actions. Many Organisations tend to manage I. T projects in an unstructured or ad hoc manner throughout its life cycle with limited understanding of the relationship between I. T project implementation and traditional business performance metrics (Stewart, 2008). The attention to schedule and cost are of utmost relevance in project monitoring and control as well as the scope of the project, risk and change control plus the overall performance measurement and reporting. The essential purpose of project monitoring and control is to alert the project manager to any project inter-dependencies that are becoming critical in terms of delivery date, resource allocation, cost or benefits (Lycett et. al, 2002). The basic challenge of project management in achieving its goals it based on managing effectively its typical constraints which include time, scope, budget. The following activities are involved in monitoring and control of I. T Projects; * The adoption of appropriate management framework/methodology – reporting structure, assessing progress, communication. Use of Planning and scheduling tools/techniques e. g. Gantt chart, PERT, CPA, WBS e. t. c * Data control – reporting progress of risk or staff activities MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS/METHODOLOGIES Project management methodologies can be said to be a set of principles or guidelines that can be defined and applied in monitoring and control of projects. Project management framework defines and determines how to initiate and run a project. These various methodologies ensure; * Clearly visible and defined management process for project execution * Defined line of reporting and decision making Risk management * Staff are appropriately trained and suitable to handle and run projects * Commitment to the proposed project. There so many various methodologies available as it all depends which suits the organisation practice. Here are a few of some well known ones below: PRINCE 2 It is an acronym for Project IN Controlled Environment. PRINCE 2 is a structured project management methodology and a widely used standard for managing I. T projects. It significantly provides assistance with the optimal usage of resources with risk management initiatives to manage projects. Elkington and smallman (2000), argues that though the PRINCE 2 method has greatly increased the success rate of projects, but it has little in the way of directing project managers in handling project risk. It offers no advice to project managers on risk estimation. PRINCE 2 promotes consistency of project work and also facilitates staff mobility, reduction of personnel change impact. The method also provides for the absolute recognition of project responsibilities in order for participants to understand each other’s role. The Prince 2 method helps you work out who should be involved and their responsibility. Due to the numerous changes attached to I. T projects, PRINCE 2 has a technique of controlling the impact of change in a project so as to prevent the project from derailing from the right direction. SSADM Structured System Analysis and Design Method is a method widely used in information system development in the U. K. it is based on data flow diagram. SSADM divides a system development project into stages, steps and tasks and provides a framework for analysing projects in a defined way to manage project. It aims at improving project management and control, develop quality systems, and establish a framework for good communication among personnel in a project team. It also ensures project continuity if there is a loss of staff without any effect on the project success (Middleton and McCollum, 2001). However, some limitations occur in the use of SSADM as it puts much emphasis on the analysis of the system and its documentation. This causes the impact of over-analysing, and can be cost and time consuming. Also, due to various types of description method, consistency checks cannot be carried out. The outline diagram can become very unclear, especially with large systems because all relevant data flow have to be included. Agile Methodology Agile Development is a term that covers several iterative and incremental software development methodologies. This agile methodologies includes Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Dynamic systems development method (DSDM), Crystal, Feature-Driven development (FDD) e. t. c â€Å"Agile Software development represents a major departure from traditional plan –based approaches to software engineering â€Å"(Dyba and Dingsoyr, 2008). Each of these Agile methods is unique in its specific approach, but they all share a common core values and vision. Agile method is a new system development methodology which is used by software development teams to improve the software development process in terms of increased productivity of I. T personnel and higher quality of the final I. T solutions (Chan and Thong, 2008). According to Chan and Thong, (2008); Reifer, (2002), agile methodologies, such as Extreme programming (XP) and Scrum have received praise from practitioners because of their abilities to deal with volatile requirements. Although the deployment of these agile methodologies by I. T personnel is still resistance, industry surveys have indicated that its acceptance in I. T organisations is still at an early phase with many respondents indicating a limited knowledge (Chan and Tong, 2008). Also, in as much as the agile method have generated quite a bit of controversy, but since its entrance into the software community, most projects have continued to deliver high quality software systems within time than the traditional processes. BASIC I. T PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING TOOLS Different types of planning and scheduling tools exists, but we are going to discuss some of the basic one used in managing Information technology projects like Gantt Charts, CPM, PERT, WBS Gantt chart and Critical path Analysis flow diagrams are two commonly used tools for detailed project management planning, scheduling, costing and budgeting. Gantt chart is a typical scheduling method for most types of projects. A Gantt chart provides a graphical illustration of a schedule which helps in planning, co-ordinating and tracking specific tasks in a project. A key feature of Gantt charts is its focus on systemic rather than algorithmic solutions to utilisation problems† (Wilson, 2003). It specifies complex task sequence, that is, a task or more can be required to be completed before other tasks can start. According to Maylor, (2001), he emphasizes that the use of Gantt chart in controlling information systems projects is beneficial as it shows clearly the overlap of scheduled task s, which commonly occurs in system development. Gantt chart supports modification of task dependencies, creation of new task connector as well as re-scheduling individual tasks. It also helps to evaluate the progress of a project. Although, Gantt chart is a widely used and beneficial tool which gives clear illustration of project status, it also has some limitations. Gantt chart do not show task dependencies of one task to another, that is, it is difficult for you to see or tell the effect of a task falling behind schedule of which PERT chart does. Also, Gantt chart does not show the necessity of completing one task before the start of another as Critical Path Analysis will do. Gantt chart is also often used as a reporting tool. PERT and CPM Type Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) are useful tools that help to manage and schedule complex projects. Activities of a complex projects can be performed parallel and some sequentially. The collection of these activities can be modelled as a network. PERT type network looks for the schedule to minimize the objective function of the total elapsed project time, that is, it determines the start and the finish times of each activity or task. CPM type is based on the critical path method. It looks for the schedule with the minimum cost in a definite period of time (a case where the cost is associated with each task). CPM provides a graphical view of a project, helps predict the time required for project completion and shows which activities are critical to maintaining the schedule and which are not. â€Å"CPM execution can enable monitoring and control over various topics uniquely related to software projects† (Gelbard et al, 2002). The CPM considers a set of precedence relations between the tasks of a project, that is, some tasks must be finished before other tasks can be started (Conde, 2009). CPM helps to plan all tasks that must be completed as part of a project. When managing I. T projects, CPM helps to get a project back on course by showing you where remedial actions need to be taken as in the case of Gantt Charts. CPM type is deterministic as it uses a fixed time estimate for each activity. According to Chanas and Zielinski, (2001); Yakhchali et al (2009), they emphasizes that the importance of CPM is that the activities duration time are deterministic and known, but the assumption cannot always be fulfilled with satisfying accuracy. Therefore, in order to deal with imprecise durations, they suggested that PERT method be used, which has conception of random variable with beta distribution to model the activity times. However, CPM is simple and easy to understand, but it does not consider the time variations that can have a huge impact on complex project completion time. For less routine projects, there is more uncertainty in the completion times of which PERT network is an alternative as it allows a range of durations to be indicated for each activity. The reduction of time and cost required for project completion is one of the capabilities of a PERT network. PERT assumes that the time estimate for an activity lies within the range of earliest time and latest time. It uses a three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, pessimistic) to compute the expected average time. However, PERT technique provides less benefit if the uncertainty of time estimates is relatively small and irrelevant. Chanas et al, (2001) and Conde, (2008) agrees that the PERT assumes beta distributions for the individual task completion times but also that the assumption and some other conditions are not exempt for criticism. â€Å" Apart from that, PERT provides a scheduling mechanism that is based on resource reallocation and ordering the project activities for cognitively driven task like software projects and research/development projects. â€Å"The main drawback of PERT technique is the difficulty of obtaining the time estimates† Changes do occur in I. T development projects, of which most often result to failure of the overall project. Controlling changes provides stability to projects. Changes to project agreement must be evaluated and recorded accordingly. According to Wang et al, (2008), change control facilitates software flexibility by controlling risks due to unstable scope and run-away requirements. Change control is necessary in project monitoring as it ensures; * Prevention of unauthorized use of resources * Proper update of project plan, its scope, budget expectations, schedule and quality * That the recommended change is consistent with external agreements. Monitoring and control process is no doubt necessary in project development by use and application of methodologies, tools and techniques. However, evaluating the various ways, their functions and characteristics, it can be said that there is no better of f methods as they have their benefits and weaknesses in various areas which other encompasses and vice versa, in other words, there is no-one –fits-all methodology. In practice, project managers have found out that it is difficult to simply use a methodology or tool exactly as it stands. But, it can be said that a good and successful project which delivers quality result, within time and budget are generally dependant on the quality and effort of participants from the project board down to the individual team members.

Foreshadowing And Flashback Essay Example For Students

Foreshadowing And Flashback Essay Two Writing Techniques That Make Fitzgerald A Great Writer by Jonathan Werne Suppose you met somebody just as careless as yourself. I hope I never will, she answered. I hate careless people. Thats why I like you. (Fitzgerald, pg. 63) Jordan is explaining to Nick how she is able to drive badly as long as everyone else drives carefully. This quote represents the writing technique of foreshadowing, which is being used in one of its finest form. Fitzgerald is foreshadowing to chapter seven where Daisy kills Myrtle Wilson because of her reckless driving. Fitzgerald uses foreshadowing to strengthen the plot of his book. In chapter nine, Nick begins to recall the past and relive his old memories. His must relieve his lingering thoughts of the past. During the chapter, Nick uses a flashback to tell about Gatsbys funeral for the readers to know what happen the day Gatsby was shot. Flashback in The Great Gatsby also helps to give the reader background information about the characters. In The Great Gatsby, the structure of the novel is influenced by foreshadowing and flashback. Fitzgerald utilizes foreshadowing to the best of its ability to help organize the novel. Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in place. Im sorry about the clock, he said. Its an old clock, I told him idiotically. (Fitzgerald, pg. 92) This quote is the first use of foreshadowing which is in chapter five. It pertains to all of the trouble Gatsby causes as he tries to win Daisy back. The past is represented by the clock and how Gatsby wants to repeat it with Daisy. (Eble, pg. 963) This quote foreshadows to the end of the novel when Nick is left to tell the story of the dreamer whose dreams were corrupted. (Eble, pg. 963) they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (Fitzgerald, pg. 188) In chapter six, Fitzgerald focuses on the first moment of disillusionment which Gatsby has. (Magill, pg. 90) Cant repeat the past? he cried incredulously. Why of course you can! (Fitzgerald, pg. 116) This quote is clearly foreshadowing almost the entire book. It foreshadows Gatsbys attempts to woe Daisy for Tom and tries to make things the way they were before he left for the army . It also alludes to the fact that he must be rich and powerful to do that. Overall, it shows that he destroys himself trying to get Daisy back from Tom Buchanan. In the beginning of chapter eight Fitzgerald foreshadows the death of Gatsby. I couldnt sleep all night; a fog-horn was groaning incessantly on the Sound, and I tossed half sick between grotesque reality and savage frightening dreams. I heard a taxi go up Gatsbys drive and immediately I jumped out of bed and began to dress- I felt that I had something to tell him, something to warn him about and morning would be too late.(Fitzgerald, pg.154) This quote definitely foreshadows the death of Gatsby. Fitzgerald also foreshadows Wilsons involvement when his wife died. He murdered her. It was an accident, George. Wilson shook his head. His eyes narrowed and his mouth widened slightly with the ghost of superior Hm! (Fitzgerald, pg. 166) This quote clearly tells the readers that George is not going to let the person who he thinks killed his wife get away with it. Foreshadowing is sparingly displayed though out the novel and especially in the last chapters. .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .postImageUrl , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:hover , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:visited , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:active { border:0!important; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:active , .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00 .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06a0f290096ef2b3ff6fdfa3520b5b00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Relevant Theories About Reward Management Commerce EssayFlashback is used quite often in The Great Gatsby. Jordan begins to remember when she met Gatsby with Daisy for the first time and how they were in love. One October day in nineteen- seventeen..The largest of the banners and the largest of the lawns belonged to Daisy Fays house. She was just eighteen.His name was Jay Gatsby and I didnt lay eyes on him again for over four years. (Fitzgerald, pg. 80) As the reader can clearly see, Jordan begins to narrate about the first and last time that she saw Gatsby with Daisy which was four years ago. In chapter eight, Nick flashes back to the night of Myrtles death and begins to tell the story of what went on after her death. Now I want to go back a little and tell what happened at the garage after we left there the night before. (Fitzgerald, pg. 163) Nick tells the reader about how Wilson thought he had figured out who had killed his wife. Nick follows step by step as he walks all the way to Tom Buchanans. Nick then describes Wilson killing Gatsby in the pool and then Wilson killing himself. In chapter nine, another flashback is told by Nick. Nick recalls the night of Gatsbys death, and the next day, when all the policemen were at Gatsbys house. After two years I remember the rest of that day, and that night and the next day, only as an endless drill of police and photographers and newspaper men in and out of Gatsbys front door. (Fitzgerald, pg.171) Nick then proceeds into another flashback where he is trying to get people to come to Gatsbys funeral. During this flashback Nick finally meets Gatsbys father, Mr. Gatz, who came to his sons funeral.Next mo rning I sent the butler to New York with a letter to Wolfshiem which asked for information and urged him to come out on the next train. When the butler brought back Wolfshiems answer I began to have a feeling of defiance..The third day that a telegram signed Henry C. Gatz arrived from a town in MinnesotaIt was Gatsbys father. (Fitzgerald, pg. 175) In the last sentence of the novel the reader realizes the story is being told as seen through the eyes of a Dutch sailor which transports the reader into the past. (Magill, pg. 91) Boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (Fitzgerald, pg. 189)As one can see, the book came to life through the use of flashback and foreshadowing. These two main ingredients in this novel made it possible for the reader to be able to understand Gatsby the way Fitzgerald does. It also helps one to understand Gatsbys relentless pursuit of the American dream. These two elements of the novel were weaved into a great book that was read and ad ored by millions of readers and school students. Works CitedEble, Kenneth. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1963Magill, Frank N. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1983.953-967. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Simon ; Schuster. 1925.

Aggression Essays (3619 words) - Aggression, Dispute Resolution

Aggression Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Aggressive behavior is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.(9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended, and physical or mental. Aggression can take numerous forms, the act of hitting a wall to release aggression has some of the same roots as playing football and enjoying hitting the quarterback. A child yelling at his parents could be equated, in its aggressiveness, with hitting one's horn when one is cut off on 495. Aggression is also a relative construct. What might seem like a terribly aggressive act to one person, most often the victim, might seem like an induced response to the perpetrator.(3) Psychologist Arlene Stillwell performed an experiment where she assigned ordinary college students at random to play the role of a victim or a perpetrator in a small incident. Then she asked the students to describe the situation that had just transpired. What she found was that both victims and perpetrators deformed the truth equally to present their sides in a better light. Victims would dwell on their lasting traumas from the incident while the perpetrator might make the act seem like a one-time action provoked by insurmountable circumstances. The resulting implication is that aggression is in the eye of the beholder.(3) Due to its relative nature aggression is extremely hard to isolate and study. Some acts are very easy to categorize as aggressive, a first degree murder or first degree rape, but is negligent manslaughter aggressive? The mere act of not shoveling one's sidewalk might have the same effect as a cold-blooded murder but is it an aggressive act? For the purposes of this paper aggression will be related to the four conditions presented by Gerda Siann. They are as follows; 1. The person carrying out that behavior, the aggressor, does so with intention. 2. The behavior is taking place within an interpersonal situation which is characterized by an accumulated distress or a opposition. 3. The aggressor intends by the behavior in question to gain a greater advantage than the person on the other side of the aggression. 4. The aggressor carrying out the behavior has either provoked the situation or moved the conflict unto a higher degree of strength.(11) Aggression has numerous reasons and consequences both must be analyzed in order to see from whence it arises. An explicit example of the strength of both nature and nurture concerning aggression is the life of Kody Scott, a young gang member of California. He was already a gang member in middle school, and would not have been had the gang not already been in place when he graduated from elementary school - thus environment's role in aggressive behavior, but one fateful day when he stole a car to get to the hospital for the birth of his first child, he intentionally detoured through the neighborhood of a rival gang and killed a rival gang member. The detour he deliberately took was a conscious decision and not provoked by the environment - hence nature's toll on his aggressive act.(3) Aggression is usually associated with negative aspects of the world.(3) This is not necessarily true, though. Negativity is but half of the nature of aggression. Aggression can have very positive results. For example, a non-aggressive hockey player gets thrown around and will therefore not perform very well in an bellicose sport. On the other hand an aggressive player will not allow himself to be thrown around like the aforementioned player and will most likely win the small battles just based on the mentality of the player.(5) Another example of positive aspects of aggression might be a person's sexual aggressiveness might allow them to obtain a date to prom without any problem, whereas anyone much less aggressive person would be passive and wait for the person to approach them. One good aspects of aggressiveness might be ambitiousness or assertiveness, an aggressive person is more likely to get what they need done as opposed

Chapter 44 Essays

Chapter 44 Essays Chapter 44 Paper Chapter 44 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The white tone singing style in the vocal part of George Crumbs Ancient Voices of Children is a style in which the singer: Sings without vibrato How many movements make up the Quartet for the End of Time? Eight The phrases that mention death in Crumbs Caballito Negro are represented musically by: A descending music line How many books of madrigal sets did George Crumb write? Four Which instrument in Vocalise from the Quartet for the End of Time is instructed to play like sweet cascades of blue-orange chords? piano What instruments make up the quartet in this piece? violin, cello, clarinet, and piano What instruments accompany the voice in Crumbs Caballito negro? Metallic percussion and flute When did Messiaen write his Quartet for the End of Time? while in a POW camp The tempo of the second movement of Messiaens Quartet for the End of Time varies throughout. True Which composer has written several compositions on the poetry of Federico Garcà ­a Lorca? Crumb Whose poetry did George Crumb set in his second book of madrigals? Federico Garcia Lorca The recomposition of his own works is central to Pierre Boulezs creative activity. True Which of George Crumbs works won a Pulitzer Prize in 1968? Echoes of Time and the River George Crumb wrote his song cycle Ancient Voices of Children expressly for: Jan DeGaetani George Crumb is representative of avant-garde composition in the United States. True In the opening of Vocalise from the Quartet for the End of Time, the clarinets part can be described as: Disjunct passages with trills Which is NOT true of Boulezs Notations IV? The work makes use electronically enhanced insturments In composing, Crumb uses techniques and instruments from various world musics. True Which composer greatly influenced Pierre Boulez? Messiaen Influenced by the approach of Anton Webern, Boulez was inspired to: extend serialsm to include elements beside pitch The angels muted song in Vocalise from the Quartet for the End of Time is represented musically by the: violin and cello Notations IV uses a kind of serialism that breaks tone rows into 6-note rows (hexachords). True Technically, avant-garde music is highly demanding. True Boulez originally wrote his 12 Notations for: solo piano Which pianist specialized in avant-garde piano performance? David Tudor The prevalent rhythm in Crumbs Caballito negro is meant to: emulate the sound of a galloping horse The harmony in Crumbs Caballito negro is primarily: atonal Soprano Cathy Berberian is known for: specializing in acant garde singing Contemporary music rarely calls for highly virtuosic performance skills. False

Developmental Changes in Preschool Children Essay - 3

Developmental Changes in Preschool Children - Essay Example Emotional development is the process of learning to recognize and express one’s feelings as well as learning to establish one’s identity and individuality. Social development is the process of learning to interact with others and to express one self to them. Both emotional development and social skills are essential as they prepare the child for school and adult life. These ensure that a child is able to pay attention to an adult figure (authority), ensure an easy transition from one activity to another as well as the ability to cooperate with other children. From the ages 1 to 3, children learn new things through observation and imitation. They acquire skills in sharing, showing affection etc from parents and/or primary caregiver. Through these experiences, they learn how to interact with others outside the home. The play has an important role in child development. Social-emotional skills gained by playing with others and their parents give them the self-confidence needed to build loving and supportive relationships throughout their lives. At about 1 year of age, children generally start to exhibit rebellious behavior, negativism (doing the opposite of what they are told), they express feelings of happiness and sadness, calmness and stability and inner peace. They are self-centered but begin to learn that some desires may never be met. They become increasingly frustrated because of their inability to perform certain tasks that they see older siblings and adults performing with ease of feeding themselves or writing hence the incidents of temper tantrums. As a child approaches age 2, there is generally an improvement in their speech and motor skills, which relieves some of their frustrations. They are able to respond to others talking and also follow simple instructions. They are increasingly able to express themselves through speech and seek approval from their peers and parents. There are fewer emotional outbursts.  

Main Location Criteria for Retail and Service Businesses Research Paper

Main Location Criteria for Retail and Service Businesses - Research Paper Example A careful and wise decision to choose a convenient and right location is critical to building competitive advantages too (Zimmerer, Scarborough and Wilson, 2008, p. 515). Retail stores and restaurants have to be located near to customers so that they can reach to the business easily, whereas manufacturers may find locations remote from the customer base in order to be cost-effective due to the availability of raw materials, availability of labor, taxes, regulation and overhead costs (Pinson and Jinnett, 2006, p. 39). It shows different business enterprises will be influenced by location element differently. Nearness to customers is highly important and critical to creating a competitive advantage for small retail whereas being remote from the customers to take cost-effective advantages is a way to achieve competitive advantage to the large manufacturers. A retail business that attracts a large number of customers due to its nearness to the people will obviously enjoy more advantages than its competitor who is away from customers and finds less number of customers. As Pakroo and Pakroo (2008) emphasized, the entrepreneurs are required to figure out how a particular location selection will or will not contribute to the success of the business and how it makes economic sense (p. 50). The location will make economic sense when it is really going to pay to the entrepreneur and generate more earnings than in the case if the business is located in some other locations. For a real estate business, the best three things are ‘location, location, and location. Katz and Green (2009) hold an opinion that the same is true with a small and service business too (p. 357). Location is meaningful when it is a good location for business so as to attract a number of visitors. Katz and Green (2009) emphasized that a good location is in fact highly dependent on the budget an entrepreneur can afford, the business philosophy and marketing niche he is seeking (p. 357).   Ã‚  

Institutional Racism Impact on Education, Employment, and Health Essay

Institutional Racism Impact on Education, Employment, and Health - Essay Example As Ibrahim states "in spite of the attempts to equalize educational opportunity for all groups, research on immigrant children's successful intergration into the education system shows that there is a high drop-out rate among these students."(Ibrahim, insert page number here) For this reason the Second National Institute-Conference hold in Miami, Florida in 1974, took a penetrating look at Institutional Racism and the Impact on Health Care Delivery through in-depth focus on institutional racism. Some Black nurses interacted together in examining and exploring its impact on the health status of the Black consumer followed by planning and developing strategies for affirmative action approaches designed to make a meaningful impact toward change. As for in the sector of employment it has been seen time and again that there is a system working as an open secret that discriminate colored or immigrants with job opportunity and salary. This discrimination is based on not only color or political distinction but also is depended upon other factors like class, creed, cast, religion, sex and even ideology. Everything that has been stated above is a part of an ideology that the racist believe to be of ultimate truth.

Trends In Hospitality: Boutique Hotels

Trends In Hospitality: Boutique Hotels This paper is a research on the factors that have influenced growth in the boutique hotel sector, demonstrating that boutique hotels have become a popular alternative to five star properties. The study methods included a review of the literature and surveys of boutique hotel guests. Location, high quality, uniqueness, services provided and the personalized levels of service offered the top five attributes attracting guests to these hotels. The growth of the boutique hotel sector may be because of hotel clients looking for alternatives to standard and more traditional accommodation. This paper will investigate the growth of the boutique hotel sector and the factors that influence the consumers decision to purchase this type of accommodation. Introduction. Origin of boutique hotels. 1980s were the time of the construction boom in the hotel business. Thus, only during 1980-87, the number of hotel rooms in the USA increased by 40%. Economic globalization has not bypassed the hotel industry: nowadays, mergers and acquisitions no longer involve just individual hotels, but the entire hotel chains. Huge international hotel groups are created, such as Bass Hotels Resorts, Starwood Hotels Resorts, and Carlson Hospitality Worldwide (Keeps 2006). At the same time, hotels are becoming more and more comfortable, offering guests new services that previously simply did not exist or were accessible only to guests of 5-star hotels spacious apartments, cable TV, high speed internet access, recreation complexes, and guaranteed security. But it turns out that the modern consumer is not enough satisfied with what traditional hotel give him; he needs now more than reliability and the program of earning points (Bender, 2009). While the giants of the hospitality industry excelled themselves in the struggle for the customer, constructing mega-hotels the most spacious, highest, most expensive, with a set of all conceivable service, they have lost the most perspective clientele: relatively young business travelers aged 25-45, rich and tending to everything unusual. Hotel giants are now challenged by small privately-owned hotels, each of which has its own unique style. By analogy with small shops, selling things from well-known designers, these hotels received the name of boutique hotels (Bender, 2009). The first hotel of this format appeared only in the early 80-ies of the 20th century. It is believed that the first boutique hotels sometimes referred to as design hotels (design hotels or lifestyle hotels) opened their doors in 1981 on two continents simultaneously: The Blakes Hotel was opened in London, South Kensington, sponsored by a former actress, now a famous designer and hoteliers Anouska Hempel, and Bedford in San Francisco, located on Union Square. Subsequently, this hotel has become a part of a network of boutique-style hotels exclusively under the administration of one of the most famous players in the market Kimpton Hotels Restaurants (Boutique Hotels On The Rise). In 1984, three years later, the first object named Morgans which officially gained the status of a boutique hotel was opened in New York by the famous hotelier, developer and designer Ian Schrager, who is now considered a trendsetter on the market of boutique hotels (Bell 2008). Definition and Features of a Boutique Hotel A boutique hotel is a type of accommodation which can be called the embodiment of a design idea of modernity. Taste, luxury and exclusivity are the basic ingredients for the success of a boutique hotel. Further, the paper covers the main components, making up the notion of a boutique hotel (Boutique Hotels Defined). First of all, a boutique hotel is usually a small hotel, the number of rooms in which rarely exceeds one hundred. The average number of rooms usually reaches 20-30 apartments. According to some experts, the maximum number of rooms in a boutique hotel should not exceed 150, because only in this case, the service may be personalized. They believe that the main feature of a boutique hotel is its chamber character and some mental connection between the clients of the hotel and its staff (for example, in some hotels the staff should know all the guests staying at the hotel by name). Others, including the founder and CEO of Ian Schrager Hotels Ian Schrager, believe that the key to the boutique hotel is not a small number of rooms and personified service, but the opportunity to involve the guests into a special atmosphere, influencing all their senses through architecture, design, colors, light and music. For example, these are the main peculiarities of Schragers boutique hotels Paramount H otel (597 rooms) and Hudson Hotel (1000 rooms) (Bell 2008). The word boutique also determines the degree of comfort and uniqueness of the hotel service. A boutique hotel is primarily a unique interior design. A boutique hotel is not necessarily trendy, but is always stylish. The design of a boutique hotel is often strictly kept within one theme: English aristocratic gloss of the late 19th century or ultra-minimalism, for instance. Nowadays, certain interiors for boutique hotels are developed by the leading representatives of the worlds design art, from Philippe Starck to Christian Lacroix (Craig, 2010). Special services offered today by boutique hotels form another quality that makes them special. Services provided by various boutique hotels are typically exclusive. For example, the boutique hotel Benjamin in New York takes care of guests domestic animals; Manor at Ngorongoro at the foot of the volcano Ngorongoro in Tanzania offers an exciting excursion to Maasai tribes encampment. Classic services of VIP-tourism and boutique hotels also include helicopter transfer or jacuzzi with champagne. The main task of a boutique hotel lies in bringing individuality, sometimes at the maximum level. The style, intimacy familiar to the guests, and palpable contrast to other hotels these are the characteristic features of a boutique hotel, which is an ideal place for customers looking for a hotel where they can relax and all their wishes will be fulfilled quickly and accurately (Craig 2010). That is why sometimes boutique hotels are based on old castles or old hotels, i.e. places which have their own history and heritage, providing special individuality of boutique hotels. For the same reason, boutique hotels can often be located in places not originally intended for tourists. Today, they are opened on the territory of former factories, abandoned farmsteads and even aircraft hangars. At the same time, while creating a hotel, designers often try to preserve the atmosphere of the previous premises in order to make the guest feel special. Thus, the customer of a boutique hotel can feel like a character of a fairy-tail, adventure novels, detective or love story (McIntosh Siggs, 2005). All the boutique hotels in the world can be divided into 2 groups: urban and resort hotels. Having much in common, these groups still have significant differences. For example, in urban boutique hotels, one of the key factors for success is the location. The hotel must be located in a landmark city and preferably in the most popular part of it. The location is determined not only by the concept of convenience, but also by the presence of stylish and trendy neighbors. That is why lots of boutique hotels are located in cities like New York, Miami, London, Paris, and Los Angeles, although recently there emerges a trend of opening boutique hotels in smaller cities with the great potential for future development (Hachisu 2008). Another situation concerns resort boutique hotels. The hotels location is also important here, but fashion placements are often hidden from prying eyes and seek to create a chic and exceptional comfort far away from the civilization, e.g. on remote islands or in wild jungle. Moreover, the more difficult is the road to the hotel, the more stylish and fashionable it is considered. While urban boutique hotels are often full of technical gadgets, from banal DVD-players to exotic electronically controlled beds, resort boutique hotels tend to provide recreation in isolation from technologies; and the lack of phones or TV-sets in the room is not some sad omission, but the deliberate technical asceticism. And this is not a complete list of differences (Lim Endean 2009). Another feature of a boutique hotel is that its main target audience is represented by people aged 20-50 with average or high income. The cost of living in a boutique hotel due to its uniqueness is often really quite high. Typically, each room of a boutique hotel is unique and each one has its own price. Today the lowest level of prices per room in a boutique hotel is about 200 Euros per day. This price level is valid for the boutique hotels of Europe, particularly Paris, Barcelona, Florence, Moscow, Istanbul or Rome, as well as for hotels in New York, Mexico City and Buenos Aires (Aiemens 2008). Thus, by analogy with the trading format, a boutique hotel should be small, should offer high quality services, and provide individual service. Therefore, it should be classified as a five-star or luxury hotel. In addition, such hotels, obviously, should be unique and have impressive interiors. At the same time, there are no single international standards managing the procedure of designation of an object to the class of boutique hotels, so each operator interprets the word in its own way. Today, one can find five-star (ecological Vida Sol e Mar in Brazil) and three-star (Rockhouse villas in Jamaica) hotels, as well as hostels (Rooms Deluxe in Valencia, Spain) among the boutique hotels (Parker, 2006). However, there still exist some characteristics allowing hotel owners to refer to the status of designer or boutique hotel. For example, when selecting objects for the Mgallery network, the hotel chain Accor outlines the following conditions: 1) the building and (or) the hotel should have its own history, 2) it should have an outstanding location, known for its unique concept, 3) it should be exclusive in its interior design and (or) the exterior (architecture), 4) it should prove personalized services (The Complete Guide To: European boutique hotel). It seems that the absence of strict standards, allowing the inclusion of an object to the boutique format, opens up great opportunities for operators. Each hotel with small number rooms and apartments should strive to become a boutique hotel, which would sound nice and expensive. In addition, the individuality, which is perhaps the only more or less general criterion for this format, can hide the mismatch with the classical standards of hotels in relation to the amount of apartments and range of services (The Complete Guide To: European boutique hotel). But for some reasons, the hoteliers do not hurry to declare their objects as designer or boutique hotels. In fact, the status of a boutique produces too many obligations, and it is sometimes easier to position the hotel as a mini-hotel and get free of special obligations to guests. In general, it is rather expensive to build a boutique hotel and it is rather difficult to create a special atmosphere. Thus, boutique is a complex of feelings the hotel wants to give to its guest. The service and staff form the desire to always return to this hotel. At the same time, every privilege entails responsibility (Parker 2006). Difference between Boutique Hotels and Hotels That is true, that the majority of population has already got used to the term of hospitality industry, and the contemporary hotel business is really a powerful industry. But the question is if the contemporary industrial approach compatible to the very notion of hospitality, the warmth which is so necessary for the guest exhausted by the current stressful life and willing to feel the same comfort and convenience far from home. And though the competitors accuse boutiques in the aggressive behavior on the market and even give them the nickname boutique terrorists (the term belongs to John Jarvis, the Head of Jarvis Hotels), the secret of their success is rather in their capacity to revive the forgotten art of hospitality (Keeps, 2006). A little more than a decade passed since the time when the American hotelier Ian Schrager first formulated the concept of the boutique hotels, and now boutique hotels can be found in major business centers in the world New York, London, Paris, Sydney, Los Angeles. In the vast metropolis, where life is humming 24 hours a day, they are the oasis of peace and comfort (McGinnis 2004). Generally, boutique hotel differ from the dull monotony of branded hotels with their creativity and imagination both in interior design and style of service. But returning to the previously given distinctive features of the boutique hotels, it is worth noting that sometimes everything regarding them is mistakenly reduces only to the design, but boutique hotels are not only design. Surely, exclusive design primarily determines the individuality of the hotel, but it is designed to help sell the hotel once or twice; later the guests will need something more. And this something more is individuality, distinguishing these hotels from just branded ones (Lea). Saying boutique hotel, one always involves the notion of individuality in everything: not only and not so much in service and personification of the customer, but rather in architecture, staff, and atmosphere. According to Ian Schrager, boutique hotels are subversive. The idea is to do something contrary, something that violates the status quo, and as long as it is well executed it works. If its not well executed, then its just trendy (Boutique Hotel Resort Trends). Compared with other hotels, boutique hotels have one more difference, but rather an advantage in terms of economy. Sometimes, boutique hotels may not spent money on the creation and maintenance of such expensive components, as a restaurant or conference hall. Despite the fact that the boutique hotel may successfully exist without them, the establishment of such services can bring significant additional income to the hotel. So the hotels sometimes rent such premises themselves or provide rent to some other organization (Yanos, 2008). Besides, the statistics of visits of boutique hotels shows that they have a considerably higher percentage of customers return, compared with industry averages. This allows them to better survive in the hard times of economic crises and recessions. Nevertheless, boutique hotels have to constantly monitor the changing market, consumer tastes, fashion trends in the field of hospitality, in order to maintain their competitive advantage and continue to be in the forefront of the market (ONeill Mattila, 2010). Reasons for growing popularity of Boutique Hotels Experts believe that one reason for the stunning success of boutique hotels are the changes in the customer base of hotels: with the rising living standards the number of rich young clients who travel a lot has increased; they get bored of the monotony proposed by standard hotels and are looking for hotels, which would give them a sense of not only physical but also spiritual comfort (Boutique Hotels Magazine, 2009). Of course, all of the above does not mean at all that the era of large branded hotel is coming to an end. This is evidenced by the success of giant companies like, for example, Hilton London Metropole, which focuses on the congress market, having 1,073 rooms and 39 halls, 2 of which can accommodate 1900 people each, and another 1300. Its competitor for the title of Europes largest hotel is Berlin Estrel Residence Congress Hotel. These hotels, built in the late 1990s, in no way resemble a conveyor for sleeping. Elegantly eclectic, they are different in functional comfort and technological perfection. And the results are explicit their load rarely falls below 90% (Bender 2009). The success of such hotels suggests that the needs of the people are changing, and those who want to succeed in the hospitality business of the 21st century, must take into account that the marketing approach to identification of potential customers by demographic characteristics (age, sex, nationality, socio-economic status) is out-of-date now, since these characteristics do not determine the persons inner world, his desires and needs (McKinney, 2008). Psychography, which studies the values a certain person is committed to, the feelings that he experiences, his vital interests, and all the things that truly characterize a person, must now form the basis of marketing strategy. According to Chip Conley, the president the chain of 16 boutique hotels Joie de Vivre Hospitaliry, hotel owners should realize that their task is not just to provide people a place to sleep, but to help them implement their dreams. Three days stay in our hotel makes a customer feel a bit more refined, artistic, and intelligent; it even changes ones manner of speaking. And we win the competition, because we give our guests a unique opportunity to experience their personal uniqueness (Bell, 2008). The growth of supply always, including the hospitality market, leads to increased competition. The ruined hotels have been acquired by more successful competitors; some of them have themselves asked for that. Surely, in sharp competition for independent hotels it has been more difficult to survive. Life has pushed hoteliers to chain reaction (Bender 2009). Today, fans of the worlds most famous chains can find their favorite hotel in any corner of the world and be at the same time sure that the facilities and furnishings, a set of services, the food, and even the staff uniforms are almost identical in all the hotels of the chain whether in New York or London, Mexico City or Paris, Moscow or Singapore (Bender 2009). The unification surely gives the brands significant advantages in the fight for the customer compared to independent hotels, which keep their individuality. Many people are afraid of the unknown. Using the services of a hotel with a famous name, the client having lived in the hotel of the chain is quite aware of what awaits him, and as a consequence, the choice of the hotel is based on the previous positive experience (Bell, 2008). Originating as small independent companies, managed by private entrepreneurs or small companies, boutique hotels have changed over time and are now represented among the major hotel operators. First separate chains appeared consisting solely of boutique hotels (for example, Bvlgari Hotels and Resorts, created with the participation of Luxury Group, a division of Marriott International Company that also managers hotels Ritz-Carlton; networks of SLS Hotels and Joie De Vivre hotels), and then the majors of hospitality market, seeing the success of these hotels and noting the faster growth of income, including rate RevPAR, as compared to conventional network hotels, decided to enter the market of boutique hotels and recapture market share themselves. Among the most striking examples of the recent period are W Hotels managed by the well-known international operator Starwood Hotels and Resorts (McIntosh Siggs 2005). Design Hotel, originally conceived as an alternative to the standard objects of classical hotel chains, today themselves unite in networks: Boutique Hotels Resorts International, Small Luxury Hotels of the World, Select Hotels Resorts International, Relais Chateaux are just some of them (Lea). Investors and Boutique Hotels Researches carried out by audit firms show that the niche of boutique hotels is very promising from a commercial point of view. Thus, for 6 years, from January 1995 to November 2000, the demand for the rooms in boutiques has increased by 14%, whereas in the traditional branded hotel deluxe it grew by only 4%. The average load in boutiques in 2000 was 74%, which though slightly, only by 1-2% but exceeded the load of luxe hotels. The average room prices (ADR) in the boutiques by the end of 2000 was $ 210 compared with $ 150 in luxe hotels. And RevPAR (Revenue per average room) in the boutique in this case was $ 160 versus $ 118 in luxe hotels (Craig, 2010). Hotels, owned by Ian Schrager and Bill Kimpton, a chain of hotels Joie de Vivre (Joy of Life a meaningful name), and finally the hotels W, created by Starwood Hotels Resorts, are rapidly filling America, going beyond its borders recently, the first W boutique appeared in Sydney. Interestingly, the hotel was rebuilt from the former wool storing warehouse. Today, the W chain includes 16 hotels, 5 of which are in New York. Hotels of the chain are characterized by rather small size for America, unique architectural and design solutions, and exquisite service, which allows them to attract a variety of important clients including the stars of show business (Boutique Hotels On The Rise). The services proposed to the guest deserve a special mention. Apart from conventional high-quality hotel services like round the clock room service, guest parking, strong rooms for storing valuables, health center and meeting rooms, they offer a service which is not found anywhere else, except W hotels the so-called Whatever/Whenever service, which implements literally any desire from a ticket to a fashion show to champagne bath (McKinney 2008). Life has confirmed the correctness of the chosen strategy of Starwood in 2000, 12 W hotels gave 15% of all incomes of the giant group, and it was not due to gaining over the clients from Westin and Sheraton, also included in the Starwood Group. The nearest plans of Starwood include bringing the number of W Hotels to 50-70, going beyond North America (McKinney 2008). Boutique hotels have become a very fashionable trend in the hospitality industry. Investors want to build them, travelers want to stay there, travel news commentators praise their advantages. But how popular are they among owners? How profitable are boutique hotels compared to other hotels of the class? To answer this question, the company PKF Hospitality Research (PKF-HR) conducted an analysis of revenues, expenses and profitability of boutique hotels that provided their annual reports to the annual study of trends in the hospitality industry. The sample involved only hotels that provided data for all years from 2000 to 2006 (Lea). For the analysis the boutique hotels of famous brands and independent hotels were selected. In 2006, selected boutique hotels had an average of 166 rooms with occupancy 77.3% and the average price $ 223.23. For comparison, independent hotels were taken by an average of 244 rooms with occupancy 71.8% and the average price $ 140.84 (Yanos, 2008). From 2000 to 2006, boutique hotels showed a steady growth of the following indicators: occupancy, average daily rate (ADR) and revenue per average room (RevPAR). For seven years, boutique hotels achieved the increase in RevPAR by 162.6%. This was the result of occupancy increasing by 106.1% and ADR by 154.4%. In 2006, income from hotels restaurant service was 23.5% of the total income. This is lower than the average number for the industry 26,7%. Nevertheless, the total revenue of boutique hotels was by the record 56.1% higher than the average for the United States. It should be noted that some of the boutique hotels rent restaurants to other companies, which reduces their share in total income. But the expenses of boutique hotels are also higher. From 2000 to 2006, the expenses of boutique hotels were about 55% higher than the average in the U.S. (Yanos 2008). Despite the high rates in the period from 2000 to 2006, the profitability of this segment varies widely from year to year. In good times boutique hotels reach record levels, but the decline in the industry in 2001-2003 affected them more seriously (Yanos, 2008). From 2000 to 2003 the average U.S. hotel revenues decreased by 15,1% and return by 36,2%. Boutique hotels had the same indicators decreased by 25% and 52.9% respectively. On the contrary, from 2004 to 2006, boutique hotels recover from the recession quicker than the rest of the industry. Their income increased by 36,6% and operating profit by 75,5%. Restoration of most ordinary hotels was more gradual: 26,7% and 45,8% respectively. Unstable rates of boutique hotels may be partly related to their predominantly urban location. Largest cities suffered most from the recession, but recovered quicker. Boutique hotels have to pay for their high performance by its instability (Yanos 2008). The first generation of boutique hotels had many similar characteristics. They were often housed in historical buildings a few blocks from downtown. Thanks to tax rebates for the restoration of historic buildings they could keep costs at a manageable level and redirect most of the money to the interior design. Moderation in construction costs, along with outstanding market performance creates opportunities for return of investment (Hachisu, 2008). But in recent years, boutique hotels have mainly been built anew without the charm of antiquity, which is associated with boutique hotels. On the contrary, they thrive because of their modernity, fashionableness, style and technological equipment. As a result, construction costs increase, but get balanced by traditionally high rates in this sector (McGinnis, 2004). The new wave of boutique hotels makes emphasis on the modern surrounding, high-tech electronics, thought-out selection of works of art and fashion individual features, such as living-rooms in the network of W Hotels. An example of a new generation of hotels may be the W Hotel under construction for the 225 rooms in Hoboken, New Jersey, located on the bank of the Hudson River opposite to Manhattan (McGinnis, 2004). The project appeared back in 2001 when brothers Michael and David Barry from Applied Development proposed to build a hotel and residential building of the W in Hoboken, which was then just beginning to develop. And now the construction of 26-storey building is at full swing. In December, when the hotel opens, visitors will see the beautiful panorama with views of Manhattan, a bar with fireplaces and room for parties for 500 people. Occupancy perspectives now seem more serious than before five Manhattan W hotels are often overcrowded. Hoboken is only the beginning. It is planned to open W Hotel in Oak Brook, Illinois, in La Jolla and Huntington Beach in California and in the Coconut Grove in Miami (ONeill Mattila 2010). The largest independent network of boutique hotels Kimpton, which appeared in 1981, has recently opened Palomar Hotel in Arlington; its their third hotel in northern Virginia, in the suburbs of Washington, where they own seven hotels. The plans of Kimpton include the further development of the network in the province, for example, in Chantilly, Virginia, 25 miles from the city. Nine of the forty-two existing hotels Kimpton are located in the suburbs (ONeill Mattila 2010). Recently new hotels have been opened by the brand Hotel Indigo owned by InterContinental in Newton, Massachusetts (near Boston) and in Fishers, Indiana (near Indianapolis). Half of the 17 existing and half of the 62 planned hotels Hotel Indigo are suburban, mostly near the prestigious shopping, business and residential centers. The main reasons for locating design hotels in province are as follows: Tourists are tired of traditional hotels. Business people and young people are especially demanding. For markets where luxury W is not required, Starwood formed a network of mid-market hotel segment Aloft. The first one will open this year in Lexington, Massachusetts, 10 miles from Boston. Suburbs are developing. Local business is developing, and large retail chains such as Ikea, Pottery Barn and Target are helping to clear the way for democratization of design. The cost of land in major cities is growing. It is more profitable to open hotels in the suburbs, where land and construction are cheaper. In addition, there is less competition (Yanos, 2008). So far, these hotels are mainly being opened in the suburbs of the 25 largest U.S. cities, where one can raise the price higher. And most of these hotels belong to the networks with limited services and no restaurants, such as the Holiday Inn Express, Fairfield Inn, Hampton Inn and La Quinta (ONeill Mattila 2010). In promoting and advertising boutique hotels, it is necessary to remember that these hotels are visited not because they are convenient or comfortable, but, primarily because they are fashionable and prestigious. Therefore, promoting a boutique hotel, like in the case of many other products on the market, where it is not the product but an image which is sold, should be done appropriately. The main task is, as marketing expert say, sending a message. This message in the case of boutique hotels is more important than ever. No matter what it would be: the formation of a special aura of the hotel connected with its location or atmosphere, or a beautifully presented history of the hotel; the main thing is to create a smart and unique product that is then necessary to properly convey to the audience, using various channels: direct marketing, media and public relations, profile travel agencies (ONeill Mattila 2010). Conclusion Thus, small exclusive boutique hotels have become more popular among affluent travelers, than the major hotel brands. In contrast to the well-known and comfortable hotels, peculiar with their uniformity, boutique hotels can offer an individual approach to the customers interests. In addition, nowadays there is a growing demand for luxury and extra comfort among the tourists, while each boutique hotel is the only one of its kind, allowing guests to feel their uniqueness and belonging to the higher strata of society (Parker, 2006). The owners of hotel chains do not disregard such a promising market. Furthermore, according to findings by researchers from the hotel school at Cornell University, independent hotels have practically no chance to compete with hotel chains. Nowadays, realizing the dominant advantage of boutique hotels, the hoteliers have started creating chains of boutique hotels, which are supposed to have promising future (Aiemens, 2008). PKF Hospitality Research predicts a relatively stable situation for the next few years. No significant jumps up or down in the hotel industry as a whole, occupancy rates and tariffs is not expected. Given the mobility of economic indicators of boutique hotels, it will be interesting to see how they will show themselves in a stable situation. According to PKF-HR, boutique hotels will continue to demonstrate high levels, but without previously observed strong deviations (Parets 2004).

DNA in the Forensic Science Community Essay -- Biology, DNA collection

This paper explores deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection and its relationship to solving crimes. The collection of DNA is one of the most important steps in identifying a suspect in a crime. DNA evidence can either convict or exonerate an individual of a crime. Furthermore, the accuracy of forensic identification of evidence has the possibility of leaving biased effects on a juror (Carrell, Krauss, Liberman, Miethe, 2008). This paper examines Carrells et al’s research along with three other research articles to review how DNA is collected, the effects that is has on a juror and the pros and cons of DNA collection in the Forensic Science and Criminal Justice community. Keywords: deoxyribonucleic acid, United States DNA Collection in the Forensic Science Community and its Effects on Solving Crimes Once a crime has been committed the most important item to recover is any type of evidence left at the scene. If the suspect left any Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at the crime scene, he could then be linked to the crime and eventually charged. A suspect’s DNA can be recovered if the suspect leaves a sample of his or her DNA at the crime scene. However, this method was not always used to track down a suspect. Not too long ago, detectives used to use bite marks, blood stain detection, blood grouping as the primary tool to identify a suspect. DNA can be left or collected from the hair, saliva, blood, mucus, semen, urine, fecal matter, and even the bones. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Moreover, since the introduction of this new technique it has been a la... ...race, class and gender differences. In addition, to the inequality, methods of presenting DNA data is sometimes sloppy and has the scrutiny of being dismissed on the grounds of misleading or confusing evidence. Also, the errors in the forensic science community play a role in the high number of exoneration cases because of false identification. Since DNA technology has been used there has been a high number of individuals convicted, linked or found innocent of a crimes. This technology has helped law enforcement catch suspects that may have never been found without the use of this technology. However, the research reflected that there is a need for clearer interpretations of the DNA results, better equality provided for all regardless of race or class and that errors should be reduced to prevent having cases that need to be exonerated.

English Essay – Indian Camp

English Essay – Indian Camp The transition from child to adult can be a rough process. At times a radical experience has to occur for the change to happen. A meeting with the basic conditions of life, and with that the circle of life, can in many cases be a trigger for the transition from boy to man. In this short story the transition is linked to the dichotomy between civilisation and nature, civilisation dominating nature. In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp† by Ernest Hemingway, there is a case where a boy meets a natural environment.The result is that a feeling of superiority towards nature is created. The author of the text focuses on what impact seeing life and death can have on a child’s mind. The meeting with life and death is seen as a contributor to gaining adulthood. The author portrays a boy’s development as resulting from a strong experience. The short story is structured as a fairy tale with a home-out-home structure. With that is meant that he starts in a comfortable place and then goes on a journey and then returns. In the text the comfortable place is the boat and the journey is to the island were the Indians live.In that way Nick starts out as one person, and after the journey learns something that makes him a different person. In a way the structure underlines the theme, because it helps you focusing on the change. The boy named Nick starts his development toward adulthood in the text. He begins as a fragile boy who depends on his father and ends up as an independent and confident young man. The transition can be seen in many differences in Nick in the start and the ending of the text. In the beginning he relies on the support of his father where in the end he is fine by himself. â€Å"Nick lay back with his father’s arm around him. †¦. â€Å"They were seated in the boat. Nick in the stern, his father rowing† In the short story Nick comes to terms with the circle of life. He experiences both li fe and death, which makes him grow up. To understand life you need to have seen death. In addition to that, Nick also gets the picture of civilisation dominating nature. That is shown through the father who actually changes the course of two persons’ lives. The Indian woman and the unborn child would have died if it had not been for his father. Therefore his father acquires a godlike status, which leads to the ambiguous ending: He felt quite sure that he would never die† It is not clear whether â€Å"he† refers to Nick or to the father. It might be both of them, assuming that Nick has understood how you can dominate nature. As previously mentioned, the ending reveals some changes between before and after the experience. The ending shows that Nick develops an understanding of life and death. A difference in the environment is that they arrive in the evening and return in the morning. It can be interpreted as if the evening represents the ending of his childhood an d the morning the start of his adulthood.Also, the night is related to nature, and with that the events in the Indian camp. When the sun rises and the light breaks through they return to civilisation. In that way civilisation is linked to light. The night and day theme underlines the change from a naive boy’s lack of understanding to a young man coming to terms with the basics of life and civilisation. In addition, we see a change in the environment. It starts off as gloomy and finishes as something harmonious. â€Å"The two boats started off in the dark. Nick heard the oarlocks of the other boat quite a way ahead of them in the mist. †¦. â€Å" The sun was coming up over the hills. A bass jumped, making a circle in the water. † The change in the environment is an indicator of what lies ahead. The evening environment symbolises death and the unknown. The morning represents an entrance to adulthood. The bass making a circle in the water is a symbol of the circle o f life. Nick sees the circle in the end of the text, and that is sign of him now having seen and possibly understood life and death. â€Å"A bass jumped, making a circle in the water. † The circle of life is depicted in two ways.On the one hand, the baby’s birth and the dad’s death form parts of the circle of life. When someone is born somebody else dies. On the other hand we see that when the baby enters the world, and with that the early stages of life, Nick leaves the early stages of life. This means that the circle also says that when somebody enters a new stage of life somebody else leaves it, exemplified by the new-born baby and Nick. The short story is set among the â€Å"savages†, which is a perfect place to understand the natural order of life. It takes place in an Indian village and in that way shows nature as pure as it is.The transition from boy to man, and with that the understanding of life, has to be seen in an environment that underlines t he basic conditions of life. With that the author actually says that to understand how nature functions you have to leave the normal civilised life. To sum up, the author manages to describe the transition from boy to man as a result of meeting the circle of life. Furthermore, he problematizes civilised society and thus shows that you cannot understand the true nature of civilisation without seeing its opposite; nature. English Essay – Indian Camp English Essay – Indian Camp The transition from child to adult can be a rough process. At times a radical experience has to occur for the change to happen. A meeting with the basic conditions of life, and with that the circle of life, can in many cases be a trigger for the transition from boy to man. In this short story the transition is linked to the dichotomy between civilisation and nature, civilisation dominating nature. In the short story â€Å"Indian Camp† by Ernest Hemingway, there is a case where a boy meets a natural environment.The result is that a feeling of superiority towards nature is created. The author of the text focuses on what impact seeing life and death can have on a child’s mind. The meeting with life and death is seen as a contributor to gaining adulthood. The author portrays a boy’s development as resulting from a strong experience. The short story is structured as a fairy tale with a home-out-home structure. With that is meant that he starts in a comfortable place and then goes on a journey and then returns. In the text the comfortable place is the boat and the journey is to the island were the Indians live.In that way Nick starts out as one person, and after the journey learns something that makes him a different person. In a way the structure underlines the theme, because it helps you focusing on the change. The boy named Nick starts his development toward adulthood in the text. He begins as a fragile boy who depends on his father and ends up as an independent and confident young man. The transition can be seen in many differences in Nick in the start and the ending of the text. In the beginning he relies on the support of his father where in the end he is fine by himself. â€Å"Nick lay back with his father’s arm around him. †¦. â€Å"They were seated in the boat. Nick in the stern, his father rowing† In the short story Nick comes to terms with the circle of life. He experiences both li fe and death, which makes him grow up. To understand life you need to have seen death. In addition to that, Nick also gets the picture of civilisation dominating nature. That is shown through the father who actually changes the course of two persons’ lives. The Indian woman and the unborn child would have died if it had not been for his father. Therefore his father acquires a godlike status, which leads to the ambiguous ending: He felt quite sure that he would never die† It is not clear whether â€Å"he† refers to Nick or to the father. It might be both of them, assuming that Nick has understood how you can dominate nature. As previously mentioned, the ending reveals some changes between before and after the experience. The ending shows that Nick develops an understanding of life and death. A difference in the environment is that they arrive in the evening and return in the morning. It can be interpreted as if the evening represents the ending of his childhood an d the morning the start of his adulthood.Also, the night is related to nature, and with that the events in the Indian camp. When the sun rises and the light breaks through they return to civilisation. In that way civilisation is linked to light. The night and day theme underlines the change from a naive boy’s lack of understanding to a young man coming to terms with the basics of life and civilisation. In addition, we see a change in the environment. It starts off as gloomy and finishes as something harmonious. â€Å"The two boats started off in the dark. Nick heard the oarlocks of the other boat quite a way ahead of them in the mist. †¦. â€Å" The sun was coming up over the hills. A bass jumped, making a circle in the water. † The change in the environment is an indicator of what lies ahead. The evening environment symbolises death and the unknown. The morning represents an entrance to adulthood. The bass making a circle in the water is a symbol of the circle o f life. Nick sees the circle in the end of the text, and that is sign of him now having seen and possibly understood life and death. â€Å"A bass jumped, making a circle in the water. † The circle of life is depicted in two ways.On the one hand, the baby’s birth and the dad’s death form parts of the circle of life. When someone is born somebody else dies. On the other hand we see that when the baby enters the world, and with that the early stages of life, Nick leaves the early stages of life. This means that the circle also says that when somebody enters a new stage of life somebody else leaves it, exemplified by the new-born baby and Nick. The short story is set among the â€Å"savages†, which is a perfect place to understand the natural order of life. It takes place in an Indian village and in that way shows nature as pure as it is.The transition from boy to man, and with that the understanding of life, has to be seen in an environment that underlines t he basic conditions of life. With that the author actually says that to understand how nature functions you have to leave the normal civilised life. To sum up, the author manages to describe the transition from boy to man as a result of meeting the circle of life. Furthermore, he problematizes civilised society and thus shows that you cannot understand the true nature of civilisation without seeing its opposite; nature.

About Plagiarism in Example Essays

About Plagiarism in Example Essays So, you need an essay. The deadline for your course assignment is rapidly approaching, and for whatever reason, you are in a time crunch to complete it. You decide to purchase your essay. You understand that not only does your essay have to conform to your instructor’s guidelines, but it must also be original. What you need is a customized, original piece of writing that meets your specific criteria. Beware! Many writing service sites sell plagiarized essays, even when they caution the buyer about committing plagiarism! Plagiarism can be the result of copying whole papers, copying parts of different papers, or using words or phrases from other sources without quotation marks and proper citing. Sometimes an individual even commits plagiarism of his own writing by reusing what he wrote in an earlier paper without citing his earlier paper as a source. A student using an essay he wrote for one class to submit to another class for credit is referred to as â€Å"double-dipping.† It is a form of plagiarism and is frowned upon in academia. Submitting any kind of plagiarized work can result in a zero for your assignment. What should you do to protect yourself from purchasing a plagiarized example essay from an online writing service? When selecting a writing service, be certain that the service guarantees authentic, customized writing. One way the service can make certain that what it provides to the client is original is through the service’s use of a plagiarism detector. When you visit the writing service site, see if the service states that it utilizes a plagiarism checker. In addition, view the service’s policies on guaranteeing the quality of the work. As an added precaution, when you buy an essay, you can check the authenticity of your paper by submitting it for a plagiarism analysis at sites such as Turnitin.com. These sites will check millions of papers online for you and provide you with a report as to what percentage, if any, your paper is plagiarized. Another strategy on checking for plagiarism is by conducting your own Google search. This can be done with a phrase or short paragraph. For example, if you notice an interesting or unique phrase, try copying that phrase into the Google searc h bar and see if it receives any hits. If it does, then you have a concern. Besides these sites, make certain that your paper has the required number of sources, properly formatted within the text of your paper as well as on your bibliography page. Ultimately, as a student, you have the responsibility of making certain that what you submit for a course assignment is original in composition and is properly cited. So, be certain to use reliable services that guarantee original, customized essays. You can get example essay writing help from professional writers at CustomWritings.com writing service.

Equivalence Point Definition

Equivalence Point Definition The equivalence point is a chemistry term youll encounter when you do a titration. However, it technically applies to any acid-base or neutralization reaction. Heres its definition and a look at methods used to identify it. Equivalence Point Definition The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution. The moles of titrant (standard solution) equal the moles of the solution with unknown concentration. This is also known as the stoichiometric point because it is where the moles of acid are equal to the amount needed to neutralize the equivalent moles of base. Note this does not necessarily mean the acid to base ratio is 1:1. The ratio is determined by the balanced acid-base chemical equation. The equivalence point is not the same as the endpoint of a titration. The endpoint refers to the point at which an indicator changes color. More often than not, the color change occurs after the equivalence point has already been reached. Using the endpoint to calculate equivalence naturally introduces error. Key Takeaways: Equivalence Point The equivalence point or stoichiometric point is the point in a chemical reaction when there is exactly enough acid and base to neutralize the solution.In a titration, it is where the moles of titrant equal the moles of solution of unknown concentration. The acid to base ratio is not necessarily 1:1, but must be determined using the balanced chemical equation.Methods of determining the equivalence point include color change, pH change, formation of a precipitate, change in conductivity, or temperature change.In a titration, the equivalence point is not the same as the endpoint. Methods of Finding the Equivalence Point There are several different ways to identify the equivalence point of a titration: Color Change - Some reactions naturally change color at the equivalence point. This may be seen in redox titration, particularly involving transition metals, where the oxidation states have different colors. pH Indicator - A colored pH indicator may be used, which changes color according to pH. The indicator dye is added at the beginning of the titration. The color change at the endpoint is an approximation of the equivalence point. Precipitation - If an insoluble precipitate forms as a result of the reaction, it can be used to determine the equivalence point. For example, the silver cation and chloride anion react to form silver chloride, which is insoluble in water. However, it can be difficult to determine precipitation because the particle size, color, and sedimentation rate may make it difficult to see. Conductance - Ions affect the electrical conductivity of a solution, so when they react with each other, the conductivity changes. Conductance may be a difficult method to use, especially if other ions are present in the solution that can contribute to its conductivity. Conductance is used for some acid-base reactions. Isothermal Calorimetry - The equivalence point may be determined by measuring the amount of heat that is produced or absorbed using a device called an isothermal titration calorimeter. This method is often used in titrations involving biochemical reactions, such as enzyme binding. Spectroscopy: Spectroscopy can be used to find the equivalence point if the spectrum of the reactant, product, or titrant is known. This method is used to detect etching of semiconductors. Thermometric Titrimetry: In thermometric titrimetry, the equivalence point is determined by measuring the rate of temperature change produced by a chemical reaction. In this case, the inflection point indicates the equivalence point of an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Amperometry: In an ampometric titration, the equivalence point is seen as a change in the measured current. Amperometry is used when the excess titrant is able to be reduced. The method is useful, for example, when titrating a halide with Ag because it isnt affected by precipitate formation. Sources Khopkar, S.M. (1998). Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry (2nd ed.). New Age International. pp. 63–76. ISBN 81-224-1159-2.Patnaik, P. (2004). Deans Analytical Chemistry Handbook (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Prof Med/Tech. pp. 2.11–2.16. ISBN 0-07-141060-0.Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M.; Holler, F.J. (2000). Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, 7th ed. Emily Barrosse. pp. 265–305. ISBN 0-03-020293-0.Spellman, F.R. (2009). Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 545. ISBN 1-4200-7530-6.Vogel, A.I.; J. Mendham (2000). Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis (6th ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 423. ISBN 0-582-22628-7.